From WWII Runway to Yoga Stage: The Transformation of Red Road

On June 21, 2026, the heart of Kolkata will transform as Prime Minister Narendra Modi leads national celebrations for the 12th International Day of Yoga on the city's historic Red Road. The choice of venue highlights the site's enduring significance in the city’s narrative—a space that has evolved from a grand colonial boulevard to a strategic wartime military asset, and finally, into a premier stage for modern national events.

A Wartime Legacy

The history of Red Road, officially known as Indira Gandhi Sarani, is punctuated by its critical role during the Second World War. Around 1943, as Japanese forces advanced through Southeast Asia, British military authorities in Calcutta feared the city was vulnerable to aerial bombardment. With the main airbase at Barrackpore deemed too distant for rapid defensive responses, the British converted an 1,100-yard stretch of Red Road into an emergency airstrip.

Historical records and archival footage from the Imperial War Museums confirm that the site facilitated the take-off and landing of Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter aircraft, including Hawker Hurricanes and Spitfires. The road served as both a runway and a dispersal parking bay, with pilots famously using the restaurants along the nearby Chowringhee area as makeshift "ready rooms." Despite the challenges posed by the road's camber and the flanking ornamental balustrades, the airstrip provided vital air cover during the height of the conflict.

The Modern Transformation

Today, the Red Road is best known for its wide boulevard status, bisecting the sprawling Maidan and hosting the city’s most prestigious events, including the Republic Day parades. Its transition from a military strip to a public space for cultural and wellness initiatives culminates in today's mega-event.

The 12th International Day of Yoga, themed “Yoga for Healthy Ageing,” is expected to draw thousands of participants. According to official government sources, the event is a massive logistical undertaking involving the Ministry of Ayush, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, and various state agencies. Nearly 30,000 people are expected to perform the Common Yoga Protocol alongside the Prime Minister, with millions more joining virtually from across the globe.

Why It Matters

The transformation of the Red Road mirrors the broader evolution of Kolkata itself—a city that retains the marks of its colonial and wartime history while repositioning itself as a hub for contemporary health and wellness movements. By hosting an event of this scale, the Red Road reaffirms its status as the city’s primary arena for public engagement, bridging the gap between its storied past and a future focused on holistic well-being.

Key Facts at a Glance

• Wartime History: During WWII, Red Road served as an emergency landing strip for RAF fighter planes like Spitfires and Hurricanes to protect Calcutta.

• Yoga Day Milestone: This is the first time the national International Day of Yoga celebrations have been held on Red Road, moving from the traditional Brigade Parade Ground.

• Global Theme: The 2026 celebration centers on "Yoga for Healthy Ageing," promoting physical and mental vitality.

• Scale of Event: Nearly 30,000 participants are expected to attend the Red Road session, supported by millions joining online worldwide.

FAQ

Was Red Road really used as an airport?

Yes, during WWII, an 1,100-yard section of the road was repurposed as a temporary airstrip to provide emergency defensive air cover against potential Japanese air raids.

Why is Red Road significant for Yoga Day?

It is one of Kolkata's most iconic and spacious thoroughfares, ideal for large-scale public demonstrations, and was selected this year to host the national level celebration led by the Prime Minister.

What is the theme for this year's Yoga Day?

The theme is "Yoga for Healthy Ageing," focusing on the benefits of yoga for physical health, mental resilience, and emotional balance among senior citizens and the general population.

Source: Imperial War Museums: Red Road Airstrip, Press Information Bureau: International Yoga Day 2026, Scroll.in: Air Force plane landings in Calcutta