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In a landmark diplomatic engagement on August 31, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping held a high-level bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit in Tianjin. This was Modi’s first visit to China in seven years and the first formal bilateral meeting between the two leaders since the October 2024 BRICS Summit in Kazan. The talks marked a significant thaw in India–China relations following years of tension over the eastern Ladakh border standoff.
The meeting focused on restoring strategic trust, expanding economic cooperation, and reaffirming mutual respect as the foundation for future engagement. Both leaders emphasized that India and China are development partners, not rivals, and that differences must not escalate into disputes.
Key Highlights From The Bilateral Statement
- The leaders welcomed the positive momentum in bilateral ties since their last meeting in Kazan
- They reaffirmed that peace and stability along the border are essential for continued cooperation
- Modi and Xi committed to a fair and mutually acceptable resolution of the boundary issue
- Both sides acknowledged the successful disengagement at Demchok and Depsang in 2024
- The leaders agreed to support the efforts of Special Representatives in resolving outstanding issues
- Modi emphasized strategic autonomy and urged that bilateral ties not be viewed through a third-country lens
- Xi expressed support for India’s BRICS presidency in 2026 and accepted Modi’s invitation to attend the summit
Border Stability And Strategic Autonomy
Prime Minister Modi underscored the importance of maintaining peace and tranquility in border areas, noting that the disengagement process completed last year had helped stabilize relations. Both leaders agreed that the boundary question should be approached from a long-term political perspective, with sensitivity to the interests of both nations.
The meeting also reaffirmed the role of Special Representatives in advancing dialogue. Decisions taken during their recent talks were acknowledged as constructive, and both leaders pledged continued support for their efforts.
Economic And People-To-People Engagement
Modi and Xi discussed expanding bilateral trade and investment, with a focus on reducing India’s trade deficit with China. They recognized the stabilizing role of their economies in global trade and emphasized the need for strategic direction in economic cooperation.
On the people-to-people front, the leaders agreed to resume direct flights, ease visa procedures, and expand cultural and religious exchanges. The resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra was highlighted as a symbolic step toward rebuilding trust and connectivity.
Multilateral Cooperation And Global Outlook
The leaders discussed shared concerns around terrorism, fair trade, and regional stability. Modi reiterated that India and China should expand common ground on global platforms and not allow external pressures to distort their bilateral narrative.
Xi emphasized the importance of unity between the world’s two most populous nations, calling for deeper cooperation within the Global South. Modi expressed support for China’s SCO presidency and praised the summit’s focus on multipolarity and sustainable development.
Additional Engagements
Prime Minister Modi also met with Cai Qi, a senior member of the Communist Party of China’s Politburo Standing Committee. The discussion focused on regional development, cultural diplomacy, and enhancing sub-national cooperation between Indian states and Chinese provinces.
Diplomatic Outlook: A Strategic Reset With Cautious Optimism
The Modi–Xi bilateral meeting in Tianjin signals a recalibration of India–China relations, moving from confrontation to cautious cooperation. While core issues like the border dispute remain unresolved, the emphasis on mutual respect, strategic autonomy, and economic synergy suggests a pragmatic approach to rebuilding ties. As both nations navigate shifting global dynamics, their renewed engagement could shape the future of Asia’s geopolitical architecture.
Sources: Ministry of External Affairs India , India Today , The Hindu , MSN India ,Times of India
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