This week marks eight decades since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki—two events that not only ended World War II but also reshaped global diplomacy, warfare, and the human understanding of destruction. As Japan solemnly commemorates the 80th anniversary, the world reflects on the magnitude of these attacks and the legacy they left behind.
Here are five defining facts that continue to shape the narrative of nuclear history.
The Bombings That Altered History
1. On 6 August 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy, over Hiroshima from a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay. The explosion occurred 600 meters above ground and unleashed a blast equivalent to 15,000 tonnes of TNT.
2. Three days later, on 9 August, a second bomb—Fat Man—was dropped on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 74,000 people.
3. Combined, the bombings claimed over 200,000 lives by the end of 1945, making them the only instances of nuclear weapons used in warfare.
Unimaginable Destruction
1. In Hiroshima, temperatures near the blast center reached 7,000°C, incinerating everything within a three-kilometer radius.
2. Entire neighborhoods were consumed by firestorms, and survivors described being thrown through the air by the force of the explosion.
3. In Nagasaki, the terrain reduced the blast’s reach, but still two square miles were flattened, and thousands were vaporized instantly.
Radiation’s Lingering Toll
1. Survivors, known as hibakusha, suffered from acute radiation sickness—vomiting, internal bleeding, and hair loss were common symptoms.
2. Over time, many developed cancers and other chronic illnesses. However, studies found no significant rise in congenital disabilities among their children.
3. Those exposed to radioactive black rain or residual radiation also faced long-term health consequences, even if they were not in the immediate blast zone.
Global Impact and Ethical Reckoning
1. The bombings led to Japan’s unconditional surrender on 15 August 1945, ending World War II.
2. The attacks sparked intense global debate over the ethics of nuclear warfare. While some argue the bombings prevented a prolonged land invasion, others view them as unnecessary and inhumane.
3. Survivors faced social stigma, particularly in marriage, due to myths surrounding radiation exposure.
Legacy of Advocacy and Remembrance
1. Hibakusha became global advocates for nuclear disarmament, forming groups like Nihon Hidankyo, which won the Nobel Peace Prize.
2. In recent years, world leaders have acknowledged the suffering. Pope Francis met survivors in 2019, and Barack Obama visited Hiroshima in 2016.
3. For the 80th anniversary, over 100 nations—including Russia—are expected to attend memorial events. Hiroshima and Nagasaki mayors have invited US President Donald Trump to participate in remembrance ceremonies.
Conclusion
Eighty years on, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain etched in global memory—not just as acts of war, but as warnings of the human cost of nuclear ambition. As survivors age and their voices fade, the responsibility to remember and advocate for peace falls to the next generation.
Sources: MSN, Times Now News, US News, The Hindu, LiveMint (August 2025)
