India And Nepal Sign Updated Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement

India and Nepal have taken a significant step in enhancing bilateral cooperation by signing an updated Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters. The pact, finalized in Kathmandu after years of negotiations, provides a comprehensive framework for the two countries to collaborate in criminal investigations, evidence sharing, and prosecution.  

The agreement was initially agreed upon at a home secretary-level meeting in New Delhi in July 2025 and has now been formally signed by representatives of both governments. It builds upon earlier agreements, including the 2005 Mutual Legal Assistance treaty and extradition pact, while expanding the scope to address modern challenges such as cybercrime and financial fraud.  

Key highlights from the agreement include  

• Formalized cooperation between India and Nepal on criminal investigations and legal proceedings  
• Focus on tackling transnational crimes including trafficking, cybercrime, financial fraud, and terrorism  
• Provision for evidence sharing, prosecution support, and coordination between legal authorities  
• Signed in Kathmandu by senior officials from both governments  
• Strengthens bilateral ties and enhances regional security cooperation  

Analysts note that the updated agreement reflects the growing need for cross-border collaboration in addressing complex criminal activities that transcend national boundaries. By institutionalizing cooperation, India and Nepal aim to improve efficiency in law enforcement and judicial processes, while reinforcing their commitment to regional stability and security.  

Sources: The Himalayan Times, The Assam Tribune, Kathmandu Post