ONGC Faces ₹1.12 Billion Service Tax Demand Amid Royalty Dispute

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Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC) has received a service tax demand of ₹1.12 billion from the Directorate General of GST Intelligence, reigniting a long-standing debate over the taxability of royalty payments made to state governments for natural resource extraction.

Key Developments And Legal Context

- The demand pertains to royalty paid by ONGC to the Government of Tamil Nadu for petroleum mining leases between April 2016 and June 2017.
- Authorities argue that royalty constitutes consideration for services, making it taxable under the Finance Act, 1994.
- ONGC maintains that royalty is a regulatory fee, not a service charge, and therefore exempt from service tax under Section 66D and relevant exemption notifications.

Tribunal Ruling And Precedent

- In January 2024, the Chennai Bench of CESTAT ruled in favor of ONGC, stating that royalty is akin to a tax and not compensatory in nature.
- The tribunal emphasized that the grant of mineral rights is a regulatory function, not a commercial service, and falls outside the scope of service tax.
- Despite this ruling, the department has issued fresh demands, possibly challenging the tribunal’s interpretation or targeting different components of the lease arrangement.

Implications And Industry Impact

- The case could set a precedent for other extractive industries facing similar levies on royalty and regulatory payments.
- ONGC is expected to contest the demand, citing judicial clarity and constitutional provisions governing natural resource allocation.

Sources: TaxGuru, Indian Kanoon, SAG Infotech, JurisHour, CaseMine.