THIS DAY THAT YEAR: When India's Operation Blue Star Began at Amritsar's Golden Temple

Updated: June 01, 2025 13:14

Image Source: Ensaaf

It was on June 1, 1984, that the Indian Army, on the directives of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, initiated Operation Blue Star at the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The operation was to eliminate Sikh militants, headed by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, who had found refuge in the temple complex. It was on this day that the first gunfire was exchanged, signaling the start of one of India's most contentious military operations.

1. The Build-Up to Operation Blue Star

Bhindranwale, a central leader of the Khalistan movement, had garrisoned the Golden Temple complex and made it a separatist militant stronghold.
This was seen as a severe threat to security by the government of India, prompting the deployment of military troops.
On 3rd May 1984, Major General RS Brar was tasked with commanding the operation, which had been dubbed Operation Blue Star.

2. The Attack on the Golden Temple

On June 1, 1984, Indian Army opened fire, opening the first stage of the operation.
A 36-hour curfew was in place in all of Punjab by June 3, blocking communication, electricity, and transport.
The initial assault on June 5 saw the army attack high defensive positions within the temple compound.

3. Casualties and Consequences

The operation was marked by heavy casualties, totaling more than 80 soldiers and hundreds of civilians who were trapped in the firing.
The Golden Temple was badly damaged, and this outraged the Sikh community.
The outrage over the operation led to the assassination of Indira Gandhi on October 31, 1984, by her Sikh bodyguards, which triggered riots in the country.

4. Historical Significance and Legacy

Operation Blue Star is a very controversial operation, shaping Indian politics and Sikh relations.
The event sparked tensions between separatist Sikhs and the central government, which was a catalyst for the Punjab insurgency.

Sources: First Post, Wikipedia, Britannica

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