Nepal’s Hydropower Gamble: Climate Crisis Threatens Energy Dreams

Nepal, a nation rich in rivers and hydropower potential, has long envisioned hydropower as the cornerstone of its clean energy transition. However, the climate crisis is casting a shadow over these ambitions, exposing vulnerabilities in the country's reliance on run-of-river hydroelectric projects. Torrential rains, flash floods, and glacial lake bursts have wreaked havoc on infrastructure, including the Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project, which suffered over $13 million in damages last year and remains partially operational.

 

The Himalayan nation generates 90% of its electricity from hydropower, but unpredictable weather patterns are disrupting this fragile system. Droughts have slashed power generation by up to 40% in some years, while floods have caused billions in losses. Experts warn that Nepal’s dependence on a single energy source is unsustainable, urging diversification into reservoir-based hydropower, solar, and wind energy.

 

Despite these challenges, Nepal remains committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2045. The government is exploring innovative solutions, including pumped storage systems and cross-border electricity trade with India and Bangladesh. However, the path forward requires substantial investment and a shift in strategy to ensure energy security amidst mounting climate risks.

 

Sources: The Independent, The Diplomat, Himalayan Times.