India has officially kickstarted preparations for Census 2027, marking a watershed moment with the government’s notification issued on June 16, 2025. This will be the country’s first digital census and the first nationwide caste enumeration since 1931, promising to reshape policymaking, welfare delivery, and electoral boundaries for years to come.
Two-Phased Rollout:
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Phase 1: Starts October 1, 2026, for Ladakh and snow-bound areas of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
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Phase 2: Begins March 1, 2027, for the rest of India, which is also the official reference date for most states and Union Territories.
First Digital Census:
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Data will be collected via mobile apps and tablets, with an option for citizens to self-enumerate online.
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Nearly 34 lakh enumerators and supervisors, supported by 1.3 lakh functionaries, will be deployed nationwide.
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Real-time dashboards, geotagging, and cloud-based uploads will ensure transparency and accuracy.
Caste Enumeration Returns:
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For the first time since 1931, the census will collect detailed caste data across all communities, aiming to inform reservation policies and social justice initiatives.
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This move is expected to provide granular socio-economic data for targeted welfare and evidence-based policymaking.
Massive Scale and Security:
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The exercise will cover over 1.4 billion people and is expected to cost at least ₹13,000 crore.
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Strict data protection protocols will be enforced at all stages, from collection to storage.
Political and Administrative Impact:
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Census 2027 data will be crucial for the next delimitation of Lok Sabha and Assembly constituencies, potentially impacting the implementation of the Women’s Reservation Act and the distribution of central grants.
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The last census was held in 2011; the 2021 edition was postponed due to the pandemic, making this the first population count in 16 years.
Legal Backing:
The notification has been published under Section 3 of the Census Act, 1948, and Census Rules, 1990.
What’s New in 2027?
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Digital-first approach with mobile apps and self-enumeration.
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Standardized drop-down menus to minimize errors and speed up data processing.
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Caste enumeration for all, not just Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
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Enhanced training and digital literacy modules for enumerators.
“The census will be carried out in two phases… For the first time, caste enumeration will also be part of the Census exercise. The entire Census operation will be conducted digitally using mobile applications. Citizens will also be given the option of self-enumeration through digital platforms.”
— Union Home Minister Amit Shah
Source: Times of India, Indian Express, India Today, Deccan Herald, Business Standard, Adda247, Firstpost, VisionIAS, Vajiram & Ravi
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