Laws of Succession: Behind India’s Curious Vice President Election Rituals

In a surprising turn of events, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned from office on Monday, citing health concerns and the need to prioritize medical care. His resignation, effective immediately, was submitted to President Droupadi Murmu under Article 67(a) of the Indian Constitution2. Dhankhar, who assumed office in August 2022, vacates the post midway through his five-year term, triggering a rare mid-term election for the country’s second-highest constitutional office.

How Is the Vice President Elected?

The Vice President of India is elected through an indirect election conducted by an Electoral College comprising members of both Houses of Parliament — Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, including nominated members. Unlike the Presidential election, state legislatures do not participate in this process.

Voting Process:

Conducted by secret ballot
Uses the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system of proportional representation
MPs rank candidates in order of preference (1, 2, 3, etc.)
A candidate must secure a majority quota: (Total valid votes ÷ 2) + 1

If no candidate reaches the quota in the first round, the one with the fewest votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed based on second preferences. This continues until a candidate crosses the threshold3.

Eligibility Criteria:

Must be a citizen of India
At least 35 years old
Qualified to be elected to the Rajya Sabha
Must not hold any office of profit under the government4

What Happens Next?

The Election Commission of India is expected to announce the schedule for the Vice Presidential election soon. While there’s no fixed deadline, the election must be held “as soon as possible” following the vacancy. The elected candidate will serve a full five-year term, not just the remainder of Dhankhar’s tenure.

In the interim, Deputy Chairman Harivansh Narayan Singh will preside over the Rajya Sabha proceedings.

Sources: NDTV, India TV News, Business Today, Indian Express