With Europe celebrating International Labour Day on 1 May 2025, tens of thousands converged on the streets of cities all over the continent. On the streets of Paris and Madrid, Athens and Istanbul, workers, unions, and activists gathered to protest for higher wages, better working conditions, and more equality, with some of the protests calling attention to deeper labor and social and political discontent. The day was also accompanied by increased tensions in certain parts of the world, with notable police presence and even mass detentions in Turkey. The background involved recent power cuts, economic pressures, and political instability in various nations.
Major Points by Country
France: Worker Rights Demands in an Era of Political Instability
More than 10,000 individuals participated in countrywide protests in Paris and other urban centers, calling for increased wages, better protections, and improved equality for workers.
The demonstrations were arranged by unions and occurred in the context of political gridlock, after a parliamentary vote that removed the former government and left France without a working administration for weeks.
There were scuffles in Paris between protesters and police, especially when demonstrators clashed with Socialist Party members, such as MP Jerome Guedj, who were being asked to withdraw from the rally.
Spain: Parallel Demonstrations and Economic Discontent
Several rallies were organized in Madrid, with both the far-right VOX party union Solidaridad and mainstream unions (UGT, CCOO) organizing independent events.
Demonstrators condemned the government for inaction in the face of increasing living expenses, poor wages, and recent disturbances such as a widespread power outage that brought the country to a standstill days prior.
Demands included demands for better working conditions and a cut in the working day, echoing widespread discontent with the economy.
Greece: Commemorating Labor Struggles
Thousands marched in central Athens, as unions and trade organizations protested outside parliament.
Protesters held flags and chanted anti-government slogans, stressing the need to remember past labor struggles that achieved the eight-hour workday and improved working conditions.
Turkey: Mass Arrests and Heavy Police Crackdown
In Istanbul, 50,000 police officers were deployed by authorities and public transportation was closed down to deny access to Taksim Square, a historic protest venue off limits for demonstrations since 2013.
Hundreds of protesters were detained as riot police confronted demonstrators, pushing detainees onto buses.
The crackdown follows increased political tensions after the arrest of opposition mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, with Taksim Square locked down tightly and only a handful of union representatives granted brief access.
Spain's Wider Protest Wave: Housing Crisis
Independent of May Day, Spain has witnessed sustained mass protests in recent weeks over the deteriorating housing crisis in the country, with protests in 40 cities.
Demonstrators call for reduced rents, an eviction ban on vulnerable families, and a crackdown on real estate speculation, exemplifying the convergence of labor and wider social concerns.
Context: Blackouts and Financial Pressure
Only days ahead of May Day, a huge blackout swept across Spain and Portugal, cancelling flights, stopping public transport, and compelling hospitals to cancel routine procedures.
The blackout, which led to a drop in internet traffic and prompted a state of emergency, further sparked public anger and increased pressure for economic complaints raised during the demonstrations.
Relevant Sources: BBC, Euronews, Reuters
