Turning the Tides: Subansiri Hydro Project to Light Up 17 States by May 2026

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India's largest conventional hydroelectric project, Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project, is going to revolutionize the Northeast as well as the energy scenario in general. Following years of delays and hurdles, NHPC Limited issued a statement that three of the project's eight generation units would be commissioned by June 2025, while the other five units would be ready by May 2026. This ambitious initiative will be a key factor in enhancing renewable energy capacity and offering uninterrupted electricity supply to 17 Indian states.

Project Description and Timetable

The Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project is a 2,000 MW run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant situated on the Assam-Arunachal Pradesh border at Gerukamukh.
Three units of 250 MW each totaling 750 MW will be commissioned by June 2025.
The remaining five units (1,250 MW) are likely to be commissioned by May 2026, when the entire project will be completed.

Construction Progress and Technology

The project is 95–96% finished, with significant civil and hydro-mechanical works completed, including the dam and water conductor system.
A highly modernized control room has been opened, allowing for advanced monitoring and operational effectiveness.
The project uses run-of-the-river technology, reducing environmental impact by making use of river flow rather than huge reservoirs.

Capacity and Impact

When operational at full capacity, the project will power 17 states with electricity, with significant portions for Assam (533 MW), Arunachal Pradesh (274 MW), and other Northeastern, Northern, and Western states.
It is projected to bring in annual revenues of around ₹4,000 crore and generate direct employment for 5,000 individuals.
The project will complement India's renewable energy mix greatly and enhance access to electricity in the Northeast.

Challenges and Delays

The construction work started in January 2005 but was greatly delayed by protests and environmental issues, suspending work from December 2011 to October 2019.
The original cost of the project at ₹6,285 crore has risen to ₹26,075.54 crore because of delays and additional demands, such as newer safety and control systems.

Future Prospects

Preparation of detailed project reports for two other hydroelectric projects on the Subansiri river is being undertaken, which may further enhance the region's energy potential.

NHPC keeps investing in local community development through its CSR activities, such as schools and hospitals in Gerukamukh.

Sources: Projects Today, Business North East, Times of India, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Rajya Sabha)

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