Dam of Discord: Arunachal CM Flags China’s Mega Hydropower Project as Existential Threat

Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu has raised alarm over China’s construction of the world’s largest hydropower dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo River, calling it a potential water bomb for India. The USD 137 billion project, approved in 2024, is being built near the Arunachal border and is expected to generate 60,000 MW of electricity.

Key Concerns Raised by CM Khandu

- The dam could be used to manipulate water flow, posing a severe threat to downstream regions in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Bangladesh  
- China’s non-participation in international water treaties means it is not obligated to release minimum water downstream  
- Sudden water releases could cause catastrophic flooding, while long-term diversion may dry up the Siang and Brahmaputra rivers  
- The project is seen as a greater threat than military aggression due to its potential to disrupt livelihoods and ecosystems  

India’s Strategic Response

- Arunachal Pradesh has proposed the Siang Upper Multipurpose Project as a defensive measure to ensure water security  
- The state government is engaging with local communities, especially the Adi tribe, to raise awareness and build consensus  
- CM Khandu emphasized the need for India to focus on internal preparedness rather than relying on diplomatic protest  

Outlook

With construction reportedly underway, the dam has sparked geopolitical and environmental concerns. India’s response may shape future water diplomacy in the region.

Sources: The Hindu Business Line, Economic Times, Rediff, Hindustan Times, NDTV, Arunachal Times, PTI, MSN India